What are peptides and how are they different from GLP-1 medications?

Peptides are short chains of amino acids (protein building blocks) that act as signaling molecules in the body. GLP-1 medications like semaglutide and tirzepatide are themselves peptides - synthetic versions of naturally occurring incretin hormones. The broader peptide therapy landscape includes many other signaling molecules beyond GLP-1s: BPC-157 and TB-500 for tissue healing, CJC-1295 and Ipamorelin for growth hormone release, GHK-Cu for skin regeneration, MOTS-c for metabolism, and many others. While GLP-1s are FDA-approved pharmaceuticals with extensive clinical trial data, many other peptides remain research compounds not approved for human use. Peptides work by binding to specific cell receptors and triggering biological responses. They're typically administered via subcutaneous injection because digestive enzymes destroy them if taken orally (except specialized formulations like oral semaglutide). The peptide therapy field is rapidly evolving with new compounds being researched constantly.